Fifty years ago, malaria transmission was interrupted on the island of Sardinia by means of an intensive vector control program. Although endemic malaria was eliminated, the vector, Anopheles labranchiae, was not. Between 1980-1986, a mosquito survey throughout the island revealed 36 of 348 sites positive for An. labranchiae (Fig. 1). To assess potential range expansion of the mosquito and concommitant changes in risk of malaria transmission in the past 20 years, the spectral signature of vector habitats from 1980's LandSat 4 satellite data was compared with similar landscape elements using MODIS satellite images from 2003. Land cover change, mosquito range expansion, and human population growth were quantified using the computer program FragStatŪ and compared spatially by a congruence matrix produced with ER MapperŪ software. Change analysis demonstrated that expanded vector and human populations combined with changes in land cover have brought the two populations into increased contact. Remote sensing data provides valuable guidance in directing vector surveillance, control and risk assessment in the face of continued malaria introduction through international travel.