Tuesday, 16 November 2004
D0383

Phytosanitation of pears and apples using organosilicones and high pressure washing

Lisa Gail Neven, neven@yarl.ars.usda.gov and James D. Hansen, jimbob@yarl.ars.usda.gov. USDA/ARS, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA

The presence of arthropods and arthropod eggs on the surface of pome fruits often causes a disruption in the international trade of these fruits. In the Pacific Northwest fruits are either rejected or fumigated when more than 5% have European red mite eggs. Many spider mites are considered pests of quarantine concern to many U.S. trading partners. Previous research on postharvest control in Israel has shown that high temperature, high pressure washing of fruits and vegetables removes a considerable number of arthropods and decay organisms from the surface. Other research from New Zealand and the U.S. demonstrated the miticidal qualities of the organosilicone SilWet L-77. In our study, we collaborated with the pathologists and postharvest physiologists at Oregon State University in Hood River, Oregon to investigate the potential of combination high temperature, high pressure washing and organosilicone dips in removal of surface arthropods and eggs. We found that the high temperature provided no additional benefit to the high pressure washing in egg removal or mortality. However, high pressure washing is very effective in removing both European mite and codling moth eggs. We also found that organosilicone emulsifiers and surfactants are very effective in adding to the mortality of grape mealybug and spider mites. The results of this study, in combination with the results from pathology and fruit quality indicate that high pressure washing anole or in combination with organisilicone dips, are very effective in removal of surface arthropods while providing control of decay and excellent fruit market quality.


Species 1: Lepidoptera Tortricidae Cydia pomonella (codling moth)
Species 2: Homoptera Pseudococcidae Pseudococcus maritimus (grape mealybug)
Species 3: Acari Tetranychidae Tetranychus urticae (twospotted spider mite)
Keywords: Silwet L-77, defoamer

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