Monday, November 15, 2004
D0058

Mounds and moundlets: Termitomyces mushrooms as agents of morphogenesis of the mounds of Macrotermes michaelseni (Isoptera: Termitidae: Macrotermitinae)

Wendy Lee Park, wlpark@mailbox.syr.edu1, Grace Shihepo, Grace_Shihepo@yahoo.com2, J S Turner, jsturner@mailbox.syr.edu1, and Eugene Marais2. (1) State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, Syracuse, NY, (2) National Museum of Namibia, Entomology Section, Windhoek, Namibia

Macrotermes michaelseni cultivate within their colonies a basidiomycete symbiont, Termitomyces spp., which is important to the colony’s digestive physiology. These fungi also are agents of mechanical disturbance to the mound during the rainy season; large mushrooms push through the soil on and around the mounds. This paper looks at the relationship between sites of mushroom emergence, and the eventual construction by termites of “moundlets”, accessory mounds that grow around the principal mound, and which may serve as points of fulminating growth that aid the growth of the principal mound. From February through May 2004, locations of mounds in northern Namibia were mapped using GPS in several different habitats, ranging from open grassland to wooded savanna. Mounds with Termitomyces mushrooms were located and their microenvironments described. We then returned to these mounds after three months to see whether moundlets had grown up at the sites of mushroom emergence. Of 203 mounds on three sites, seventeen mounds had mushrooms growing on them. Out of these, fourteen developed various size moundlets at the sites where the mushrooms had emerged. The absence of moundlets on the remaining three mounds could be due to mushrooms being harvested and consumed by the local fauna and people, termites sealing off the tunnels occupied by the stipe, or harsh conditions that may have prevented termites from accessing the mushrooms. We conclude that disturbance of the mound structure by mushrooms is a major factor in the production of moundlets specifically, and in the growth of the mound generally.


Species 1: Isoptera Termitidae Macrotermes michaelseni
Species 2: Agaricales Tricholomataceae Termitomyces
Keywords: Termites, fungus