Abstract: We carried out a case study to investigate relationship between remotely sensed data and aphid density in a field condition. A hyperspectral ground spectrometer was used to collect percent reflectance data over 30, 0.25 m² aphid stressed and 30, 0.25 m² non-stressed volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plots in a field located near Dumas, TX on November 21, 2003. Bird-cherry oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), and greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were counted in each of the 0.25 m2 aphid stressed wheat plots. Paired t-test indicated that percent reflectance values in the 400-900 nm region of the spectrum from aphid stressed and non-stressed wheat were statistically significant. In addition to the statistical comparison of percent reflectance, a total of 25 spectral vegetation indices were calculated from the reflectance data and regressed against the number of aphids. Among the 25 vegetation indices, the carotenoid reflectance index (CRI=1/(R₅₀₅-R₅₁₅)-1/(R₅₄₀-R₅₆₅)) was the best predictor for aphid density. The coefficients of determination (R²) were 0.74, 0.67, and 0.73 for total aphid (greenbug + bird-cherry oat aphid), greenbug, and bird-cherry oat aphid, respectively. These preliminary results indicated that remote sensing technique is highly promising to predict aphid density in wheat fields.