Despite the usefulness and practicality of most EIL models, limitations still exist.  Among these is a better understanding of the dynamics between the damage caused by an insect and the physiological response of the plant to that injury.  Working in high-oil maize we have found that damage caused by the European corn borer affected not only yield but also the oil content of the grain.  Utilizing this data we have developed a new model for better decision making with qualitative traits.  The development of the new model and its possible applications as a management tool are discussed.  
Keywords:   Economic Injury Level, corn
        
        
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