The goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis, has become a naturally freeze-tolerant model.
However, although larvae survive freezing at –55°C, none is able to complete development to become adult after freezing at -80°C, indicating that damage occurred at cellular and tissue levels. In attempting to find the most susceptible tissue, we used a modified dual-fluorochrome
assay to identify live/dead cells in 12 different tissues from -80°C-frozen larvae. The fluorescent dyes worked perfectly in the fat body (FB), hemocyte (HC), Malpighian tubules (MT),
prothoracic glands (PG), and trachea (TC), but results were less satisfactory with foregut (FG),
hindgut (HG), integument (IT), and midgut (MG), and the dyes could not penetrate brain, nerve
cords and ganglia. Among tissues tested, the order of severity in freeze injury to the cells
occurred as follows: IT > HC > TC > crystal portion of MT > FB > PG > cellular portion of MT
> FG > HG > MG.
Species 1: Diptera Tephritidae Eurosta solidaginis (goldenrod gall fly)
Keywords: live/dead cells, Malpighian tubules
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