Studies were conducted
to develop strategies to control and limit the spread of the pink hibiscus
mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green). Foliar applications of chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid and fenoxycarb
against pink hibiscus mealybugs on red ginger flowers, Alpinia purpurata
(Vieill.) K. Schume, demonstrated that chlorpyrifos was the most effective
insecticide evaluated; more than 35 inches of rain fell during the study, and
the microencapsulated formulation of chlorpyrifos was efficacious for 35 days
as compared with the wettable powder formulation which was efficacious for 21
days. Acetamiprid had minimal activity
10 days after treatment, and fenoxycarb, an insect growth regulator, was
ineffective. Hot water efficacy trials
showed that pink hibiscus mealybugs eggs were the most resistant stage to heat;
at 47, 48 and 49o C, the probit 9 estimations were 74.2, 30.3 and
17.7 min, respectively. In confirmatory
tests, no egg survived treatments at 47, 48 and 49o C for 52
(n=2241), 24 (n=2390), and 14 min (n=1168), respectively. Hot water dips at these temperatures and
durations are promising postharvest quarantine treatments to effectively
surface disinfest commodities of the pink hibiscus mealybug. Ionizing irradiation was another alternative postharvest disinfestation
treatment for pink hibiscus mealybug; overall, radiotolerance of the mealybugs
was found to increase with maturity. At
100 Gy pink hibiscus mealybug eggs, crawlers and nymphs were controlled despite
living for much longer periods than unexposed individuals. A dose of 250 Gy was sufficient to control
adults, because no eggs produced by 3,093 irradiated adults eclosed. The minimum dose required for quarantine
security is between the tested doses of 100 and 250 Gy.
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