Caged fiddler crabs, Uca pugilator, were exposed to field ULV applications to measure the impact of fenthion. Two nozzle systems, conventional flat fan nozzles (Tee Jet 8002SS) and high pressure hydraulic nozzles (1/8 MIS), were compared using single spray swaths. Fenthion residues were detected throughout the 4.83 kilometer test zone for both systems. Heavy ground deposits (650 ¨C 1670 ug / m2 ) of fenthion were found within one kilometer using the flat fan nozzle systems, that resulted in 80% fiddler crab mortality. Less than 100 ug / m2 fenthion ground deposits were detected during the high pressure nozzle trials. No fiddler crab mortality was observed within the first one kilometer zone following three single swath applications repeated during three consecutive nights. We also found that when the fiddler crabs were exposed to 700 ¨C 800 ug / m2 fenthion, mortality will occur.
Species 1: Uca pugilator (fiddler crab)
Keywords: ULV spray, deposition
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