Traditionally, the immature stages have contributed greatly to the higher-level classification of the Neuropterida (Neuroptera, Raphidioptera & Megaloptera). However, with notable exceptions, they have not influenced classifications at the lower taxonomic levels. The presentation outlines the role of larvae in recent phylogenetic studies of neuropteridan orders and families. Then, it illustrates the value of the larvae in classifying neuropteran tribes, genera and species. Examples come from our work on the New World chrysopid and mymeleontid larvae. Finally, we recommended priorities for future descriptive and phylogenetic work.